Software of machine tool numerical control changes structural system

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  • source:MACKINNON CNC Machining
Preface suffers the effect of the computer and microelectronics science and course of technical development history, fashioned numerical control machine tool stage by stage the traditional structure pattern that by electromotor of drive of metallic cutting machine tool, servo and numerical control system 3 big module constitute. In recent years, change rate to improve the systematic collect by nature of numerical control machine tool and intelligence, after foreign afterwards NC and CNC, put forward NGC of new generation numerical control and OSA of completely open structure, incline to of numerical control system is opened at interrelating with the much chance with PC construction compatible system model system, its structure has two kinds of forms: One kind is PC+NC, another kind is PC-based. The common characteristic of these numerical control systems is to use structure of fluctuation class much CPU, superior uses PC, have certain open sex, and inferior often have many CPU, its type is multifarious, bus line each different, the structural differ in thousands ways of numerical control system, the communication means of fluctuation class computer is varied, open without implementation change and generalization. For example, system of homebred numerical control of high school archives is at present medium, some is inferior used multichip MCS-51/96 series 8/16 odd a machine and special board card; Some is inferior it is SS-Bus those who go up is much advocate 8086/87 system, the ISA bus line of SS-Bus and ranking PC corresponds by appropriative data board bridge is received; The 3700 set that returned some systems to use TOKO firm are special chip. Below idea of traditional numerical control machine tool, the movement that the craft function that numerical control system wants to realize numerical control machine tool already wants to finish numerical control machine tool again is controlled, couplet of class CPU soft hardware falling on its consequently is close together, the does not open a gender to be able to affect system of whole numerical control open sex of inferior CPU system, but expansibility and upgrade ability, the hardware of the technical properties of numerical control machine tool and numerical control system interweaves together. Below this kind of situation, machine tool numerical control is changed producing manufacturer to the machine tool still is relatively hardship and complex process, development of numerical control machine tool and upgrade the many sided limitation that is come from soft hardware of numerical control system, of numerical control machine tool flexible and but compositive sex rises hard, the implementation that gives production automation caused difficulty. Notice afore-mentioned issues, be united in wedlock in recent years the flying development of PC theory, technology and application, the article put forward software of numerical control of a kind of machine tool to change structural system, namely the structural system of the complete number machine tool that PC ＋ is based on PC. Below this one concept, craft software moves on a Host-PC, makes equipment movement news by string together a mouth (or Modem gets stuck) convey complete number machine tool. The signal of servo position reference that complete number machine tool accepts the format of literal address block that accords with ISO standard, function, batten, form or pointwise to give out, the definition interpolation that it is equivalent to allowing user freedom is algorithmic, the flexibility that the machine program of equipment of much axis linkage that added two axes above greatly thereby weaves, make numerical control machine tool complex curve (face) the ability of treatment, speed and precision rise somewhat. Graph software of numerical control of 1 machine tool changes structural system software of numerical control of 1 machine tool changes structural system and software of numerical control of analytic machine tool to change structural system but by the graph 1 express. Structural system is changed in software of machine tool numerical control in, machine tool of a complete number is equipment of peripheral of standard of a PC, be similar to plotter of a X-Y, and complete mean the action with all and possible machine tool can come true below the control of PC, can implement all likely treatment technology by the craft software that runs on PC so, make thereby numerical control machine tool becomes what move on PC the complete number machine tool below all sorts of craft software and its control. Pass the equipment driver of tectonic number machine tool, craft software becomes independent completely at particular digital machine tool, when machine tool manufacturer manufactures the numerical control machine tool of different type and model, hardware is industrial PC and its series patulous module, different basically is software work, machine tool numerical control is changed will cast off the limitation that comes from soft hardware of numerical control system thoroughly. On the other hand, the congener number machine tool of different manufacturer and model can be used same a craft software. Because PC is very agile on group net technology, and the technology is very mature also, can support include second too net, Petri net, even Internet net inside a variety of network agreements and develop attack structure, CAD/CAM/CAPP of version of together with PC is very rich already, in CAD/CAM/CAPP compositive respect has outstanding advantage, its face intelligence to make systematic IMS and the property that make remotely have very big rise. In addition, software of machine tool numerical control changes structural system to be helpful for raising treatment precision and rate. In this on one hand, abroad is at present on the foundation of the DSP that decide a dot, use floating-point DSP in the consideration again, design operating system of high-powered real time for its; Domestic criterion still with MCS-51/96 series sheet piece machine (SOC) is given priority to, to each control axis uses a CPU alone, in order to satisfy the requirement of tall sampling frequency. As a result of the speed of SOC, precision and hardware natural resources are very limited, and the advantage of DSP basically also is centered in the fast addition that finish and multiplication operation, if undertake fast Fourier alternates (FFT) or make digital filter, what because this uses SOC or DSP to make digital controller,restricted systematic performance greatly is farther rise, and open gender and versatility difference, development tool is limited, development cycle is long, development cost is high. In view of at present the integral performance of Pentium CPU had exceeded DSP, this project puts forward to form completely as compatible as PC, 32 when be based on Pentium CPU high-powered controller. This technology still can be used at having the machine tool that kinetic disaster adds up to between intense axis, if the motion of fictitious axis machine tool and robot is controlled, if use independent only axle control,be impossible to acquire good property at this moment. Visible, the certain function that software of machine tool numerical control changes structural system place to offer is accomplished very hard below support of system of existing numerical control or cannot accomplish at all. Machine tool of 2 complete numbers and its controller show a system 1 times in the graph in, hardware of controller of complete number machine tool is PC reachs his to expand board, in corresponding software support falls, the hand that finish uses face plate control, dictate explanation and machine tool condition report, and athletic control. The mechanical part of controller of complete number machine tool and machine tool makes complete number machine tool together, the block diagram that if the graph is shown 2 times,can use expresses. Graph hand of complete number machine tool moves block diagram of machine tool of 2 complete numbers hand of complete number machine tool uses face plate the hand that basic I/0 switch measures machine tool of face plate implementation uses control, if the machine tool is main the indication of condition, positional hand moves workbench face to adjust and stop urgently. The hand of machine tool of existing numerical control uses face plate, often control modular block control by the switch quantity of numerical control system directly, it is collateral that the information between face plate and numerical control system is delivered, interface is complex, and cannot set standard and agreement. To solve this one problem, hand of complete number machine tool uses face plate by MCS51 series sheet piece machine management, use a level serial communication and news of trade of controller of digital machine tool. After electrify of complete number machine tool, controller of digital machine tool and odd a machine begin systematic self check, enter later await condition, odd condition of time examination input has an opportunity invariant, the input condition that will change by serial interrupt send digital machine tool controller, make corresponding response by its. The indication information that output of controller of digital machine tool uses face plate in one's hand by sheet piece of machine interrupt service program to undertake corresponding processing. The hand moves the input of face plate to output information to have: The working way of complete number machine tool chooses: The hand is moved / online. The hand moves weak condition feed. The hand moves successive feed. Answer origin. Feed speed fold. Feed coordinate chooses. Brake of separation and reunion of main shaft electromotor, pump, electromagnetism the condition that wait. Stop urgently. Time-out and show. Feed coordinate exceeds the journey to show. Breakdown shows. Software of controller of complete number machine tool is complete software of controller of digital machine tool is developed with C++ language below DOS, its block diagram is shown 3 times like the graph. Software of controller of digital machine tool is based on DOS, because can visit controller of digital machine tool to expand directly below this one operating system,basically be board card, and the real time sex of DOS also gets self-identity. In the graph 3 in, real time controls module by interrupt service program to come true, it is the has demand of real time sex exclusively module in whole system. Run other module for real time, used the formation of a few data with not much amount to only, each alignment by kind will safeguard, can mix to its data through member function condition has a visit. Graph block diagram of software of controller of 3 numbers machine tool advocate the monitoring of athletic statement course that accuses the computer and hand to use face plate and have a youthful look of pretreatment of instruction explanation module become athletic code alignment, this alignment is explained by athletic code module explains, make formation of referenced signal data. When complete number machine tool is in automatic status, motion and auxiliary function instruction by advocate the technology control software that controls the computer is generated. The condition of complete number machine tool, include information of current position, breakdown and relay / contactor contact is connected / break etc, the demand that can control software to show according to craft strings together a mouth to send to by the standard advocate control the computer. The software of controller of complete number machine tool that the graph shows 3 times, have nothing to do with the control of particular machine tool and its technical properties, that is to say the machine tool of the different sort that support of software of controller of this number machine tool has software of machine tool numerical control to change structural system and model, wait like all sorts of milling machine, lathe or grinder. The number of axle of machine tool feed that different technology place asks and the difference that assist the respect such as the function do not affect software of controller of digital machine tool, also not be controller of digital machine tool wants pilot boy or girl friend at the same time, controller of complete number machine tool makes output of machine tool sensor, motion is controlled (feed servo electromotor is inputted) a few elementary operations with etc to advocate controlling the computer can accuse, and be complete. On the other hand, because introduced the concept of complete number machine tool and controller of digital machine tool, the interface of the control of craft of numerical control machine tool and hardware is a standard serial communication, the control of craft of numerical control machine tool is independent the software at hardware, realized software of machine tool numerical control to change thereby. Software of afore-mentioned machine tool numerical control change 3 application example structural system has been applied at a 3 coordinate of two linkage CNC Milling transform. Before transforming, this CNC Milling uses the system of open mode numerical control that is based on PC-XT, control of 3 axes servo introduces drive of dc servo electromotor, code dish undertake position of half closed circuit detects, final by the special servo of Japanese TOKO company board card is undertaken positional servo is controlled, controallable the machine tool completes exercise of two axes circular arc, 3 axes reach corkscrewed yarn motion point-blank. To raise this the function of CNC Milling is mixed examine the software of machine tool numerical control that the article offers changes structural system, system of will original numerical control is demolished, new developed 3 coordinate of D3M-2A complete number milling machine, its controller advocate board the 80486DX4-100 that chooses industry to command stage, grating computation card, D/A card and card of switch quantity I/0 all are AT bus line patulous card, function index is as follows all precision index not machine tool of bad Yu Yuan. 3 coordinate three linkage. Intelligent hand uses face plate concise and friendly, can read in 81 key to be worth most, output shows 16 times. Man-machine interface is friendly, can accept equation of standard G code, parameter and pointwise data. Speed fast, function complete, reliability is high. The soft hardware job that upgrades machine tool function departs, can undertake soft hardware upgrades independently. Software of control of complete number milling machine can use 3 coordinate of D3M-2A at other machine tool (especially machine tool of linkage of much axis of 3 axes above) the athletic control of Electromechanical equipment. Graph 4 it is 3 coordinate of D3M-2A complete number milling machine is in advocate the contrail of cutting tool center that controls route of rose of the milling below computer control and equation of its polar coordinates, if machine the planar plane that choose Xy, criterion advocate following T=0; While(t posed the delimits coordinate sends D3M-2A block that controls the computer to generate this contrail first the structural system of a kind of control technical properties of numerical control machine tool and specific facility and depart of control system hardware. Produced the soft hardware advantage on PC platform adequately, abound and improved development environment, cast off the limitation that comes from soft hardware of numerical control system, reduced the hardware expense of the user. System of new construction of numerical control machine tool can support numerical control machine tool well farther intelligence is changed, compositive change and systematization (include network) . This technology makes numerical control machine tool (especially equipment of linkage of much axis of two axes above) design and development simplification, standardization, open change, generalization and software are changed. Reduced a number of CPU, be helpful for raising systematic dependability. CNC Milling